Improvement in processes of building concrete and mortar walls for buildings



UNITED STATES PATENT Uri-frcs@ EBENEZER HUNT, OF D ANVERSPORT,MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES OF BUILDING CONCRETE AND IVIORTAR WALLS FORBUILDINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 54,910dated May 22,1866.

To all whom it may concern.:

Beit known that I, EBENE. HUNT, of Danversport, Essexv county, State ofMassachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Mode or` Process ofBuilding Concrete or Mortar Valls for Dwelling and other Houses, roofs,posts, fences, floors, flag-stones, and other structures; and l dohereby declare the following description and accompanying drawings aresuflicient to enable any person skilled in the art or science to whichit most nearly appertains to make and use my said invention orimprovements without further invention or experiment.

The nature of my invention and improvements consists in using cores ofsand or other cheap material, which can be removed from time to time,and used again, until the structure is completed,thereby securing greateconomy in the amount of concrete or mortar nec-l essary to compose thestructure, and consequently in the expense of the same, and alsosecuring the additional advantage of hollow walls, forming anair-chamber, which shall be a non-conductor of heat and moisture, andrender buildings so constructed cool in summer and warm and dry inwinter, at the same time affording a simple and perfect means ofventilation.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its application to the building of a wall for ahouse.

Having laid the foundation below the reach of frost, I set two boardsedgewisc, parallel, and as far apart as the contemplated thickness ofthe wall, fastening the same together by strips of wood or iron rods.. Ithen insert the cores, made of sand, loam, or similar material, so thatone side shall come in contact with vthe inner board and the other sideremain at a distance from the outer board equal to the thickness ofconcrete or mortar required to give sufcient strength to the wall, whichmay vary from one to three inches, according to the height and purposesofthe building. I leave the ends of the cores from one to three inchesapart, according to the required strength of the wall, and so make andplace the cores as to leave an inch or more between the tops of thecores and the tops of the boards. I then fill in the space between thecores and until the wall is completed.

the outer board, between the ends of the cores, and also on top of thecores, up flush with the tops otf the boards, with soft concrete ormortar composed of cement and sand, lime and sand, or other materialcommonly used for a concrete or mortar wall. I insert in the concrete ormortar, on the inside ot' the wall, strips ot' board on which to fastenfurring for the purpose of lathing4 and plasterino. Then one or morelayers of these cores have been used, and the concrete or mortar issufficiently set and hardened, I remove the cores, and the same materialmay be again used for cores Thus I have'an outer wall supported andstrengthened by the material which iills the space between the ends ofthe cores, and also between the tops of the cores and the tops of theboards, and by the furrino' lathino and wlasterin 0' and com )osed' o7ai ma I of a series of air chambers throughout the whole extent of thewall.

Whenever it is desirable to secure the means ot' ventilation I omit thehorizontal layer and brace of mortar or concrete at any given part ofthe wall by making the cores to comeup iush with the tops of the boards,and thus leave a continuous column of air Vfrom the bottom to the top ofthe wall, into which a ventilating-aperture can be made from each room.So, when less strength is required in the wall, I omit the horizontallayer or brace entirely, and thus the means of ventilation is leftcomplete, and this plan would give sufficient strength for the walls ofordinary dwellinghouses.

In the accompanying drawings I have given views of two of the many waysin which this process can be applied.

Figure l represents a section of a wall with the cores removed. A showsthe outer wall, of concrete or mortar. B shows the supporting brace orpartition, of concrete or mortar, and C the horizontal support, of thesame material, while D represents the strip of board inserted, to whichthe furring is to be fastened.

Fig. 2 represents a section of a fence. A' represents a front view of aconcrete or mortar post constructed by means of cores. B represents aboard sprung between the posts at the surface of the ground as an archto support the cores while the fence is building. O represents theconcrete or mortar of which the fence is com posed, and D represents thespaces from which the cores have been removed.

Fig. 3 represents a lateral view of the post, A showing the concrete ormortar, and B showing the spaces from which the cores have been removed.

It will be perceived fromthe foregoinghow my invention may be applied tothe constructionof Walls for dwelling and other houses, and to fences,the process of building a fence being so similar to that of building awall as not to-require a separate and minute explanation, the principlebeing the same.

Some'of the many advantages of my invention are:

First, the great saving of material, as but a small part of the concreteor mortar required to' build a solid Wall is necessary when' cores areused, as in my invention. rlhe saving of material is Anecessarily acorresponding saving of expense when themanner of construction, as in myinvention, is so simple and inexpensive, requiring only the cement orlime and sand of which to make the concrete or mortar, the sand or loamof which to form the cores,l and the boards lo form the molds, whichcanA be raised and reused after the rst layer of cores or the firstsection of the wall is built. Ablouses th usl constructed would be verydesirable in those parts ot' the country where timber is scarce andlumber proportionately expensive, and they would need no paint topreserve or ornament them.

Second, my invention hasthe advantage over solid walls of renderinghouses so constructed cool in summer and warm and dry in Winter.

Third, it has the advantage of affording a simple and yet perfectmeansof ventilationa great desideratum for health and comfort.

Fourth, my invention, as applied to fences, has the advantages ofdurability, cheapness, and simplicity of building and of requiring nopaint.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The construction of concrete or mortar Walls for dwelling and otherhouses by the use of cores made of sand, loam, or some other cheapmaterial, so arranged within the molds which form the Walls as to leavea space for the concrete or mort-ar forming the exterior surface of thewall, and from this outer face of the wall projections of the samematerial extending perpendicularly from top to bottom and inwardly as`far as the contemplated thick-- ness of the wall, strengthened, ifrequired, by

horizontal projections of the same material atv proper distances,substantially in the manner. and for the purposes set forth.

2. The buildingof posts, fences, root's,tloors, Hag-stones, and otherlike structures of concrete or mortar, or their equivalents, by the useof cores, substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

EBENEZER HUNT.

` Vitnesses:

J As. C. WILLIAMS, L. (LTALLMADGE.

